20th-Century Gardens: Evolution, Influence and Conservation

Overview

Organised in partnership with the Gardens Trust and the 20th Century Society, this study weekend will reveal the evolution of garden themes and horticultural styles over the course of the 20th century, and share research and insights into their influence and importance.

Starting with the flamboyance of Arts & Crafts gardens in the early decades, the twentieth century saw the rise of the garden city movement and new towns, the wartime shift to food production even in the gardens of the great estates, pioneering Modernist approaches to public and commercial spaces and, as the century was drawing to a close, emerging design responses to the impact of climate change and loss of biodiversity.

The event will have a particular focus on the challenges of protecting and celebrating recent design and will include a Saturday afternoon trip to a significant 20th century garden.

Programme details

Friday 30 May 2025

6pm:
Registration (for those who have booked for dinner)

6.30pm:
Dinner

7.45pm
Registration (for those who have not booked for dinner)

8pm:
Rebels and Reactionaries: Trends in Twentieth Century Garden Design, with Katie Campbell

The massive political and social upheavals of the twentieth century had a particularly dramatic effect on British gardens and horticulture. This introductory lecture will chart the major trends, placing them within a wider cultural context, touching on important designers and seminal gardens, and examining the enduring influence of twentieth century garden design.

9.15pm
End of day

Saturday 31 May 2025

8am:
Breakfast (residents only)

9am:
English Arts & Crafts gardens from the archives of Country Life, with Kathryn Bradley-Hole 

The Arts & Crafts designer, William Morris (1834-1896), famously declared, "Have nothing in your house that you do not know to be useful, or believe to be beautiful." When Country Life magazine launched, in 1897, a remarkable collaboration occurred between its proprietor, Edward Hudson, famous garden writers William Robinson and Gertrude Jekyll, and the architect Edwin Lutyens. Between them, they took Morris's dictum outdoors, championing the English Arts & Crafts garden as a major design philosophy for the early 20th century.

10am:             
New towns and public spaces, with Jan Woudstra

When New Towns were conceived after the war as a solution to the dense and polluted industrial towns, it was the health benefits that were emphasised. Landscape design was a main component to achieve healthy so-called Open Cities, with interlinked greenspaces and separated pedestrian and car networks. This talk looks at their conception and how they have fared.

11am:             
Tea/coffee break

11.30am:        
Modern public and private gardens from The MERL archives, with Annabel Downs

The twentieth century represents the most active and innovative period in the entire history of designed landscapes. More importantly the focus shifts from predominantly private commissions to embracing public projects of an extraordinary scale and range, revealing a growing confidence and excitement among members of the expanding profession. This talk offers a peep into their Landscape Institute archives at The MERL (Museum of English Rural Life)      

12.30pm:
20th century Oxford college gardens, with Tim Richardson 

In this talk Tim Richardson will draw on his research for his book Oxford College Gardens (2015), discussing whole colleges such as St Catherine's, St Anne's, Nuffield and Wolfson, as well as some modern moments in older institutions. 

1.30pm:
Morning session ends. Packed lunches available for those who have ordered them

1.45pm:     
Visit to the modernist gardens by Powell and Moya at Wolfson College, with Tim Richardson on hand as guide 

4.15pm:    
End of visit (approx). Transport available back to Rewley House. Free time until dinner. 

6.30pm:           
Dinner    

8pm:             
Four influential 20th century women gardeners, with Catherine Horwood 

This talk will examine and compare four prominent 20th-century women gardeners: Phyllis Reiss, Margery Fish, Beth Chatto and Penelope Hobhouse. The first three, each with their own distinctive planting styles, have influenced gardeners for decades, while Penelope Hobhouse’s design work has been celebrated across the Western world.

9.15pm:
End of day

Sunday 1 June 2025

8am:     
Breakfast (residents only)

9am:        
Liverpool International Garden Festival with Will Holborow 

The Liverpool International Garden Festival in 1984 was created through the transformation of a derelict industrial site next to the River Mersey, and attracted over 3 million visitors. Since then the site has suffered long periods of neglect and the original ambitions for the its future have been largely unfulfilled. Nonetheless, the remaining gardens and open spaces are a much-loved area for recreation.

10am:   
20th century landscapes at risk, with Karen Fitzsimon and Catherine Croft, followed by a Q&A on the issues of managing modern registered parks and gardens 

11am:         
Tea/coffee break

11.30am:
The impact of the climate challenge on heritage gardens (speaker TBC)

12.45pm:     
Lunch and conference disperses

Fees

Description Costs
Course Fee (includes tea/coffee) £265.00
Friday dinner £28.50
Saturday dinner £28.50
Saturday packed lunch £10.00
Single B&B (Friday and Saturday night) £226.00
Single room only (Friday and Saturday night) £196.00
Sunday baguette lunch £7.30
Sunday hot lunch £19.25

Funding

If you are in receipt of a UK state benefit or are a full-time student in the UK you may be eligible for a reduction of 50% of tuition fees.

Concessionary fees for short courses

Tutors

Kathryn Bradley-Hole

Speaker

Kathryn Bradley-Hole is a lifelong gardener and was for 18 years the Gardens Editor of Country Life magazine. She is the author of numerous books, including the acclaimed English Gardens from the archives of Country Life, Villa Gardens of the Mediterranean, Lost Gardens from the Archives of Country Life and The Naturally Beautiful Garden, which explores contemporary naturalistic gardens across the world. For some 30 years a popular writer for the national and international press, she enjoys growing food and herbs for the kitchen and creating habitats for wildlife enhancement. 

Dr Katie Campbell

Speaker

Dr Katie Campbell has taught at Birkbeck, Bristol and Buckingham universities. She lectures widely, writes for various publications, and leads art and garden tours. Her garden-history books include Icons of Twentieth Century Landscape Design, British Gardens in Time, Cultivating the Renaissance, Paradise of Exiles and Policies and Pleasaunces.

Annabel Downs

Speaker

Annabel Downs is a landscape architect who was involved in establishing the Landscape Institute archive in the 1990s following Geoffrey Jellicoe’s gift of drawings. She went on to edit a monograph on Peter Shepheard for the Landscape Design Trust (2004) and to research the stories behind Jellicoe’s Kennedy Memorial at Runnymede.  She is currently chair of FOLAR (the Friends of the Landscape Archive at Reading).  

Will Holborow

Speaker

Will Holborow trained as an architect in Liverpool and studied building conservation at York University. He worked for English Heritage and Historic England for almost 20 years before moving into private practice with Purcell, where he works as a heritage consultant. He was a founder member of Oxfordshire Gardens Trust in 2002 and remains one of its directors.

Dr Catherine Horwood

Speaker

Dr Catherine Horwood is the author of Gardening Women (2010) and Potted History: How Houseplants took over our homes (2020). Her biography, Beth Chatto: A Life with Plants (2019) was the European Garden Book of the Year in 2020. She is currently working on a biograpghy of garden designer and author, Penelope Hobhouse. 

Tim Richardson

Tour guide and speaker

Tim Richardson is a landscape historian and critic and the author of more than 20 books including The English Landscape Garden: Dreaming of Arcadia (2024), Sissinghurst (2020), Oxford College Gardens (2015), English Gardens in the 20th Century (2005) and The Arcadian Friends: The Makers of the English Landscape Garden (2006). This last formed the basis for his online course on English landscape history which is still taught via Oxford University's continuing education department. His next book (published this autumn) is an expanded edition of The Landscape of Man by Geoffrey Jellicoe. As a journalist he has been gardens editor at Country Life and a long-standing columnist in the Daily Telegraph. Tim was founder-director of the Chelsea Fringe Festival (2012-23).

Mrs Jill Sinclair

Course Director

Jill Sinclair is director and co-chair of the conference. She has lectured and written widely on garden history and currently teaches the History of the English Landscape Garden for the Oxford University Department of Continuing Education. As a trustee of the Gardens Trust, she oversees an extensive education and training programme on all aspects of garden and landscape history

Dr Jan Woudstra

Speaker

Dr Jan Woudstra is a landscape architect and historian who has worked at the University of Sheffield since 1995. Previously he taught part-time at the Architectural Association, London, and worked in various practices, latterly his own, EDA Environmental Design Associates. He completed his PhD on landscape design of the Modern Movement.

Application

Please use the 'Book' button on this page. Alternatively, please contact us to obtain an application form.

Accommodation

Accommodation is not included in the price, but if you wish to stay with us the night before the course, then please contact our Residential Centre.

Accommodation in Rewley House - all bedrooms are modern, comfortably furnished and each room has tea and coffee making facilities, Freeview television, and Free WiFi and private bath or shower rooms. Please contact our Residential Centre on +44 (0) 1865 270362 or email res-ctr@conted.ox.ac.uk for details of availability and discounted prices. For more information, please see our website: https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/about/accommodation