The geographical vulnerability of Prussia always meant that a strong military tradition was required in order for the country to continue as a state in Central Europe. Wilhelm II grew up in a much more powerful Prussia and after 1871 a united Germany. The emphasis on the military tradition was very strong amongst the German aristocracy, but Wilhelm was also greatly influenced by his British family.
Wilhelm’s father died of cancer after less than a year in office. When the young inexperienced emperor came to power in 1888 Wilhelm II tried a variety of ways of asserting the status of Germany in Europe and the world. He particularly took an interest in expanding the navy and Germany’s international power. He had difficulty undertanding the constitutional limits imposed by German domestic politics. What appeared to be possibly a new direction was greatly hampered by inconsistency and a very unpredictable set of policies pursued the monarch which caused confusion at home and abroad. He faced the ultimate crisis in 1914 as war broke out.
This course will assess the legacy of the man and the significance of his role as peacetime German Emperor and leader of Germany during the First World War.
This course is part of the Oxford University Summer School for Adults (OUSSA) programme.